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Since both infections (cold and flu) are caused by viruses, antibiotics do not work and are therefore not recommended. There are, however, treatments that can help relieve the symptoms, and these can be purchased over the counter at the pharmacy.
Treatment: Pain relievers: Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen.
Effectiveness: Relieve pain and fever. Ibuprofen also reduces inflammation, but can cause digestive discomfort.
Treatment: Expectorants (syrup): Guaifenesin, Ivy leaf.
Effectiveness: Effectiveness is unproven. Getting rid of a wet cough is not a must – it actually helps expel the mucus.
Treatment: Cough suppressants: Dextromethorphan.
Effectiveness: Effectiveness is unproven. Some may interact with prescribed medication
Treatment: Saline solution: nasal spray, drops, nasal rinse.
Decongestants : Oral (Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine) & nasal sprays (Oxymetazoline, Xylometazoline)
Effectiveness: Regular use of a saline solution is recommended. If insufficient, decongestants may also be useful.
Decongestants are contraindicated in the presence of certain illnesses and in association with certain medications. They may also impair sleep. Do not use the nasal formulation for more than 5 days.
Treatment: Antihistamines: Diphenhydramine, Cétirizine, etc.
Effectiveness: Antihistamines can prove useful to relieve a runny nose. Some antihistamines can cause drowsiness.
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